ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืืชืจื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข 2025: ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื

ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ
ื–ืืคืœืคื™ืœื™ืค ืžืจืงืกโ€ข
ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืืชืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025

ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ โ€žืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืขโ€œ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ืจ: ื”ืื ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื”, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืืžืฆื ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื โ€“ ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”? ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื (ื‘ืœื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืฉื™ื), ื•ืžืกืคืง ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืงืฆืจ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืœืœื ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.

ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•

ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™/ืื’ืจื’ืฆื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจืš ืชืžืฆืื• ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช (ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”/ืืชืจ), ืžื•ืงื“ ืชื•ื›ืŸ (ืชื•ืจื ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™) ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืงืฆืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื”.

ืขืœ ืžื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื โ€” ื‘ืชื•ืš 30โ€“60 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื›ืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: 1) ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช/ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ 2) ืื™ืžื•ืช/ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช 3) ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืฃ 4) ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื 5) ื”ื™ืงืฃ/ืžืกื ื ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื. ืื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช, ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืžื”ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช Go/No-Go.

ืฆโ€™ืงืœื™ืกื˜ ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช: ืขืžื•ื“ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืคืขื™ืœ, ืื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืชืจ, ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ.
  • ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช: ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื”/ืชืขื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช. โ€žืœืœื ืื™ืžื•ืชโ€œ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืื–ื”ืจื”.
  • ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืคื•ืช: ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืžื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื (ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื/ื‘ื•ืกื˜/ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™), ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช.
  • ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื: ืฆโ€™ืื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”, ื™ื•ืžื ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื”/ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
  • ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื•ืžืกื ื ื™ื: ืžืกืคื™ืง ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื, ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื (ืžืจื—ืง, ืกื•ื’ ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™) โ€” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.

ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืžืชื•ืช ื‘ึพ2025 โ€” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆืขื™ื ืจื‘ึพืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื™ื™ื

RattleStork

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: iOS, Android, Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืชืจื•ืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช (ืชื•ืจื ืžื•ื›ืจ), ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื, ืฆโ€™ืื˜ ื™ืฉื™ืจ
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: rattlestork.org
ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ RattleStork: ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”
RattleStork: ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ โ€“ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื”ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.

Y factor

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: iOS, Android, Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: yfactor.app
ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ Y factor: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืชื•ืจืžื™ ื–ืจืข ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
Y factor: ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื–ืจื™ื–ื” ืœืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ โ€“ ืขื ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.

Just a Baby

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: iOS, Android
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืชืจื•ืžื” (ื–ืจืข/ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช/ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื), ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: justababy.com
ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ Just a Baby: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข, ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
Just a Baby: ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืฆโ€™ืื˜ ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.

Letโ€™s Be Parents

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: iOS, Android, Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: letsbeparents.com
ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ Letโ€™s Be Parents: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’, ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ
Letโ€™s Be Parents: ืืชืจ ื•ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ.

CoparentaLys

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: iOS, Android, Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช/ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืขื ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: coparentalys.com
ืืชืจ CoparentaLys: ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืœืชื•ืจืžื™ื
CoparentaLys: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืœืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื.

ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฉืช ื•ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื

PollenTree

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืœืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: pollentree.com

CoParents

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web (ืฉืžื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ)
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืžืื’ืจ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: coparents.com
ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ CoParents: ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื”
CoParents: ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™.

Pride Angel

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœึพLGBTQ+; ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจืฉืžื”
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: prideangel.com
ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ Pride Angel: ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ึพLGBTQ+
Pride Angel: ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืขื ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ึพLGBTQ+.

Co-ParentMatch

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืชื•ืจื ืžื•ื›ืจ/ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช; ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื/ืขืจื›ื•ืช
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: co-parentmatch.com
ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ Co-ParentMatch ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ DIY
Co-ParentMatch: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’, ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“.

ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช

Donor Sibling Registry (DSR)

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืžืื’ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™/ื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื”; ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆืื™ึพืื—ื™ื/ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจืžื™ื
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: donorsiblingregistry.com

Known Donor Registry (KDR)

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืงื”ื™ืœื”/ืžืื’ืจ ืœืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื (ื–ืจืข/ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช/ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื)
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: knowndonorregistry.com

ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™, ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื’ืจื’ื˜ื•ืจื™ื

Modamily

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืจืฉืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืชื•ืจื/ื”ื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: modamily.com
ืืชืจ Modamily: ืจืฉืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™
Modamily: ืจืฉืช + ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™ (ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื).

Expecting.ai

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืื’ืจื’ืฆื™ื”/ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืžื•ืช/ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: expecting.ai

The Seed Scout

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ื™ื“ื ื™ ื•ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื (ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™)
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: theseedscout.com

Donor Concierge

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืื’ืจื’ื˜ื•ืจ/ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื/ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: donorconcierge.com

ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืชืžื—ื•ืช

Gayby

  • ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช: App/Web
  • ืžื•ืงื“: ืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื’ืื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช LGBTQ+ ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช
  • ื”ืชื—ืœื”: gayby.com

ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชืืžื”: ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืชื™ืขื•ื“

ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: BestInterest (ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื™ึพื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™) ืื• OurFamilyWizard (ื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜, ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช). ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžืื˜ืฆโ€™ื™ื ื’ โ€” ืืœื ืœืกื“ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.

ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืื–ื”ืจื”: ืžืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื”

  • ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืงืฉืจ/ืขืžื•ื“ โ€žืื•ื“ื•ืชโ€œ, ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ืื• ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืชื™ื.
  • ื—ื•ืžืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืื• ืชื ืื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื.
  • โ€žืœืœื ืื™ืžื•ืชโ€œ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช.
  • ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช (โ€ž100% ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—โ€œ, โ€žืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ ืœื ืฆื—โ€œ).
  • ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—/ืžื•ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื ื’ื“ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืจืขื”.

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืœืคืชื™ื—ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”

  1. ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื›ืŸ, ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ ื•ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
  2. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื‘ื–ืง: ืขืžื•ื“ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขื“ื›ื ื™, ื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ, ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืง.
  3. ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฆโ€™ืื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”; ืื—ืจื™ื” ืฉื™ื—ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืคื’ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
  4. ืœืคื ื™ ืžืคื’ืฉ: ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
  5. ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ืฆโ€™ืื˜ื™ื/ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช/ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช (ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืžืกืš, PDF, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื).

ื–ื” ืœื โ€žืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื•ืœึพื›ืœื•ืœโ€œ, ืืœื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืคืจืงื˜ื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.

ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš?

ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ื ืžื™. ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื (ืžืกื ื ื™ื, ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื™ื, ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™) ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 10โ€“60 ืื™ืจื• ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ; ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืงื•ื ืกื™ื™ืจื–โ€™ ืžืื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื‘ึพ2025 ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืืš ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆโ€™ืงืœื™ืกื˜ ื•ืชืขื“ื• ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“. ื›ืš ืชืžืฆืื• ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื•ืชืฆืžืฆืžื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื โ€” ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื›ื.

ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ: ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ึพRattleStork ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืคื•ืื™, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™; ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืš ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช (FAQ)

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2025 ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช: ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช, ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืืชืจื™ ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืชืจ ืขื ื“ืฃ ืคืขื™ืœ, ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ.

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืง ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืจืคื•ืื™. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืชืจ, ืืš ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืขืฆืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช.

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื ืงื™ ื”ื–ืจืข ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”.

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื’ืจืกื” ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืœืžื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื• ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ื ืื• ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืฉื™.

ื›ืŸ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื• ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ื—ืจ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”-GDPR.

ืื ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืงืฉืจ, ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ ืื• ืžืœื ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื•ืช โ€” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื ืืžื™ืŸ. ืืœ ืชืฉืœื— ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”.

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื“ื•ื™, ืฉืชืฃ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™, ืชืงืฉืจ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืขืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื•-ืฉืœื‘ื™. ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืœื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืื™ื ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš.

ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช HIV, ื”ืคื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก B ื•-C, ืขื’ื‘ืช, ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืกืคื™ืจืช ื–ืจืข ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืžื”.

ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื. ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืืฆืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.

ืื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืื• ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ื ื—ืชื•ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืžื”.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ืš, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื’ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“.

ืฉืœื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื ื•ืžืกืช, ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ืš ื•ื”ืฆืข ืฉื™ื—ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืงืฆืจื” ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื.

ืฉื™ื—ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืื• ืื™-ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืืžื™ืชื™.

ืฆืœื ืžืกืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื›-PDF ื•ืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื™ื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™.

ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 10-20% ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื•ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื (IUI ืื• IVF) ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืืš ืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืจืง ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืจืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ. ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื–ืง ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก 196 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื—ื ืงืŸ ื ื•ื–ืœื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืขื ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ืคื’ืขืช.

ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื, ืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™.

ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ Google/Apple ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ.

ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืืฅ ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืฉื™, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื. ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื’ืจืกืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืงื”.

ืคื ื” ืœืชืžื™ื›ื”, ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื”, ืฉืžื•ืจ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื“ืจืš ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืื• ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœืš.

ื’ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช "ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ" ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื™. ื’ื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.

ื›ืŸ, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืขื“ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™-ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช.

ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื, ืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืจืง ืžืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ื•ื—ืกื•ื ืžื™ื“ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื. ืืœ ืชืฉืชืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืจืง ืžื’ื™ืœ 18 ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.

ื›ืŸ, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“-ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืœื.

ืฉื•ื—ื—ื• ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ืช, ืงืฉืจ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“, ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ื“ืื’ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžืชืช ืžืจืืฉ. ืืœ ืชืฉืชืคื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ ืขื“ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืŸ 30 ืœ-60 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.

ืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื—ืชื•ื. ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ืš ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.

ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืืœ ืชื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื“ ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘.

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื, ืืช ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื”, ืืช ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืคืขื™ืœื”.