Ang Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD/PID) ay advanced genetic screening ng embryo bago ilipat sa uterus. Para sa mga couples na may mataas na risk ng genetic disease, repeated miscarriage, o advanced maternal age, puwedeng tumaas ang chance ng healthy pregnancy. Sa Pilipinas, available ang PGD sa ilang IVF centers—may sariling legal, ethical, at financial considerations.
Glossary
- PGD / PID – genetic analysis ng embryo cells bago transfer.
- PGT-M – test para sa monogenic diseases (hal. thalassemia, cystic fibrosis).
- PGT-A – test para sa chromosomal aneuploidy (hal. Down syndrome).
- niPGT-A – non-invasive, DNA analysis mula sa culture fluid.
Sino ang Kandidato para sa PGD?
- Confirmed genetic mutation (hal. thalassemia, sickle cell, BRCA)
- History ng repeated miscarriage
- Advanced maternal age (>37 years) na gustong bawasan ang miscarriage risk
- Balanced chromosomal translocation sa magulang
Proseso ng PGD sa 6 Steps
- Ovarian stimulation – 8–12 days ng hormone injections
- Egg retrieval – transvaginal, under anesthesia
- IVF/ICSI fertilization
- Embryo culture & biopsy – Day 5, 5–10 cells kukunin (o niPGT-A: DNA sa fluid)
- Genetic analysis – Next-Generation Sequencing, result in 24–48h
- Transfer o cryopreservation ng healthy embryos
Tech Trends 2025
- niPGT-A: Non-invasive, less biopsy risk
- AI + Time-Lapse Imaging: Algorithmic embryo selection
- eSET 2.0: Single embryo transfer + PGT-A para iwas multiple pregnancy
Legal Situation sa Pilipinas
- PGD/PGT-A ay legal sa DOH-accredited IVF centers
- Walang strict na embryo selection law, pero may ethical guidelines (no sex selection for non-medical reasons)
- Embryo destruction ay regulated—lahat ng procedures dapat may consent
Walang national registry, pero may clinic-level documentation at genetic counseling.
Gastos sa Pilipinas 2025
- PGD/PGT-A package: ₱180,000–₱350,000 (add-on sa IVF)
- IVF cycle: ₱200,000–₱400,000
- Cryopreservation: ₱20,000–₱40,000/year
- Optional: niPGT-A upgrade ₱40,000–₱60,000
Walang PhilHealth coverage; private insurance ay case-to-case basis. Ask for written quotation at genetic counseling.
Success Rate at Risks
- Live birth rate: 25–40% per transfer (mas mataas sa <35 years)
- PGT-A: Bumababa ang miscarriage rate ng 25% sa older women
- Risks: False positive (mosaic embryos), biopsy risk (rare), hormone side effects, emotional stress
Practical Tips para sa Couples
- Compare clinic packages—malaki ang price difference
- Early insurance inquiry—ask for written approval
- Genetic counseling—para malaman kung PGD ay medically needed
- Plan for multiple cycles—madalas kailangan ng 2+ attempts
- Seek emotional support—may counseling at support groups
PGD Abroad: Quick Comparison
- Singapore: Legal, ₱400,000–₱700,000/cycle
- Thailand: Legal, ₱250,000–₱500,000/cycle
- USA: Standard, ₱1M+/cycle, insurance-dependent
- Europe: Strict indication, ₱400,000–₱800,000/cycle
Konklusyon
Ang PGD/PGT-A ay nagbibigay ng option para sa couples na may genetic risk o repeated miscarriage. Legal at available sa Pilipinas, pero mahal at emotionally demanding. Laging magpa-genetic counseling, magtanong sa clinic, at maghanda sa gastos at emotional support.